Lecture given at the Royal Societies Club, Feb. 1912. Partial Contents: Divisions of Primitive Man; Pygmies Anatomical Features, Physiological Features and Spiritual Beliefs; Major Powell-Cotton's Observations; Dr. Frazier's Opinion; Magic and Its Definition; Egyptian Opinion; Pygmy Dances; Spirit Worship; Dawn of Religion; Bushmen; Masaba and Nilotic Negro; Professors Keith's and Sollas' Opinion; Ancient Implements; Burial Customs; Age of Man; Language; Pygmy Words; Illustrations. The subject of the lecture now published constitutes a chapter in The Origin and Evolution of the Human Race.