This book examines the twin phenomena of radicalization and de-radicalization in a global context of political extremism and violent conflict. The study focuses on the approaches of governments in how they use counterterrorism to respond to radicalization and extremism. By using case studies and comparative analysis, Western and non-Western case studies will be analyzed and will focus on theoretical components and practical aspects of the process. Subjects covered include the historical context, the contemporary situation, case studies of events and actions that have illustrated these aspects in different countries and across borders. The conclusions drawn also provide readers with examples of the potential solutions that states have adopted to mitigate the threats and reintegrate extreme militants into society and create a more stable world in which violent conflict is lessened.