Integrates and synthesizes concepts pertaining to energy and resource quality, originally derived in the natural and physical sciences, and applies them to human economic systems. Examines how energy is used to transform natural resources into economic goods and analyzes the economic implications of fluctuating energy costs. Applies the concept of Energy Return on Investment to measure economic effects of rising energy costs and to evaluate alternatives. Treats characteristics of alternative energy sources, environmental effects of energy extraction and use, and management of energy resources.