The aim of Yearbook 2003, Promote or Protect? Perspectives on Media Literacy and Media Regulations, is to contribute to reflections on the whole range of 'measures' to promote children's, young people's and adults' media competence and to protect them from potential harmful media contents. What do scholars say about the responsibility of parents in this regard, about the state of media education in and outside school, about media professionals' awareness of children and media, and about the effectiveness of media regulations? The collection of articles also gives rise to the question if 'promote or protect' is a pertinent dichotomy in this context. Apparently, existing initiatives are not mutually exclusive in the sense that only one 'measure' is sufficient to support children and young people in their interactions with the media. Moreover, the meanings of 'promote' and 'protect' tend to converge.