This collection of articles, which have had a major influence on recent research and together provide a recent historical perspective, focuses on themes surrounding evolving conceptions of learning and teaching. In the last three decades, research in mathematics education has undergone dramatic changes. The articles selected for this volume offer perspectives on the development of these themes, some of which include the process-product paradigm, gender and mathematics, problem solving, students' thinking and the role of cultural practises in the acquisition of mathematical concepts and procedures.