This collection of essays, mainly written before World War I, roughly sketches the evils which arose from the industrial arrangements of the early part of the 19th century, and the reforms into which these evils forced us. In later chapters, the author endeavors to infer what further transformations we may expect in the future. These transformations will be largely of a psychological character, that is they will depend on a changed mental attitude toward life, on a changed estimate of values, even more than on a change of institutions.