This volume is based on Green Book of Population and Labor No. 16 originally published in Chinese. Chapter one reviews developments in population and family planning during the 12th five-year plan period (2011–2015), presents forecast, and examines the relationship between demographic changes and economic development. Chapter two focuses on population movement trends and employment situation of rural migrant workers. The country’s overall employment situation in this period is presented in chapter three. Chapter four examines trends in China’s labor supply and demand. Chapters five and six look at recent progress in and development of China’s old-age insurance and medical insurance systems. As in previous volumes, this one contains policy suggestions for labor market development and population management.