This volume contains the proceedings of the International Research Conference ``Probability on Algebraic and Geometric Structures'', held from June 5-7, 2014, at Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, celebrating the careers of Philip Feinsilver, Salah-Eldin A. Mohammed, and Arunava Mukherjea.

These proceedings include survey papers and new research on a variety of topics such as probability measures and the behavior of stochastic processes on groups, semigroups, and Clifford algebras; algebraic methods for analyzing Markov chains and products of random matrices; stochastic integrals and stochastic ordinary, partial, and functional differential equations.