Until 1918, republics were the absolute exception as a form of government in Europe. The supremacy of the monarchies was eliminated by the First World War. While the democracies in Europe had to give way to authoritarian regimes or bloody dictatorships, the republican form of government remained untouched. No country in which it was eliminated by World War I reversed this turning point. The contributions to this anthology take a look beyond the German horizon and open up new perspectives and approaches for a comparative European historiography.