Using numerous real-life examples and applications, this book describes the structure of materials in relation to the optimization of the five essential properties: thermal, electrical, optical, magnetic, and mechanical. Optimization examples are separated into categories of natural and artificial materials. Ideal for a one-semester course in materials science and engineering, the text showcases the importance of engineering design by presenting numerous illustrations of engineering design, most of which are familiar to many students. In addition, each chapter includes worked examples and quantitative homework problems related to day-to-day situations.