The History of Thought of the Edo Period is a lively area of research. You have the choice between Shinto, Confucianism, Buddhism, National Studies, and Dutch Studies, none of which was the state ideology, and all of which were practised together in a small, interactive intellectual world. The intellectuals shared a common language (classical Chinese), and polemics was one of the ways in which they interacted.

This volume contains the new, annotated translations of two of such polemical treatises (dating from 1686 and 1687): two Buddhist monks attacking the "arch-Confucian" Hayashi Razan (1583-1657) in the name of Buddhism and Shinto.

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