This publication includes a selection of articles derived from the presentations and posters showed at the Open Science Conference Africa and Carbon Cycle held in Accra, Ghana. The conference focused on Africa's contribution to the global carbon cycle and climate system through an overview of the carbon related studies in sub-Saharan Africa carried out both by the project CarboAfrica and other African and international initiatives. The conference showed the high number of initiatives currently ongoing in Africa, related to the study of all the component of the carbon cycle, from science to socio-economic issues and considering all natural components, from soil to the atmosphere, through terrestrial ecosystems.