In January 1919 the Peruvian government issued a decree establishing the eight-hour work day—the culmination of thirty years of struggle by Peruu2019s works and evidence of the increasing influence of the labor movement in Peruvian politics and society.

Beginning in October 1883 at the time of Treaty of Ancu00f3n terminating four years of warfare with Chile, Peruu2019s workers started a thirty-year effort to become an active and influential sector of society. They formed organizations, actively participated in the nationu2019s political life, engaged in industrial agitation—all revealing a growing class consciousness and an ability to compel both employers and governments to respond to their demands. Blanchardu2019s analysis and insights into the economic factors underlying Peruu2019s labor unrest also extends to labor developments and the modernization process throughout Latin America.