The text comprises fundamentals of turbulence, modelling approaches and experimental studies. Aspects covered under: Fundamentals: Istropic turbulence, anistropic turbulence, vorticity dynamics, free shear layers and turbulent boundary layers and plumes. Experimental: Measurement of turbulent fluctuations, experiments open channel flows and experiments in isothermal and stratified turbulent flows. Modelling: Eddy vicosicity, standard and RNG k- models, Direct Numerical Simulation, Large Eddy Simulation and their applications, near wall and compressible turbulent flows and structure vortex dominated flows.