The transport infrastructure generates benefits in efficiency and interchange of goods and people. The increase of accessibility induced by transport infrastructure in a region causes employment growth, which causes a more positive economic future for the affected area by the infrastructure. The purpose of this book is presented to the practitioners, researchers and students as a comprehensive framework around the transport infrastructure for the following: i. Transport infrastructure, their economic influence and the territorial transformation; ii. The active mobility infrastructure, the design and the habitat influence in urban areas; iii. The fundamentals and main approaches around road infrastructure and pavement management; iv. The fundamentals and main approaches around road infrastructure, pavement design, assessment and management in road and airport pavement; v. An approach toward the assessment and management of railway infrastructure and the urban policies of tram systems in Europe. The transport infrastructure diversity presented in this book offers a valuable and representative point of view concerning its importance, considering the assessment aspects, management and especially the challenges in the field.