This is an open access book.

The Multimedia University Engineering Conference 2022 (MECON 2022) aims to bring together related research scholars, educators, practitioners, policy makers, enthusiasts, fellow students, and industries to share and exchange their research experiences and results on all aspects of engineering technologies from various perspectives, disciplines, and fields. It also offers an interdisciplinary platform for all stakeholders to present and discuss the most latest trends, innovations, and concerns as well as practical challenges encountered, and solutions adopted in the realm of engineering technologies. This conference is being co-organised by the Faculty of Engineering (FOE) and Faculty of Engineering and Technology (FET), Multimedia University. MECON 2022 carries the theme `Sustainable Engineering for a Sustainable Future’.