The present work delves into various aspects of plants metabolic activities under abiotic stress. This book provides insights into techniques that can enhance the yield potential and adaptability of plants to unfavorable environmental conditions. Moreover, the book explores how an understanding of the physiological mechanisms of plants under abiotic stress can contribute to comprehending the yield structure. The book is divided into five key sections: Abiotic Stress and Metabolic Responses in Plants, Abiotic Stress and Secondary Metabolites in Plants, Microbes: Support and Protect Plants against Abiotic Stresses, Abiotic Stress and Physiological Traits in Plants, and Abiotic Stress and Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) in Plants.