This text is aimed at exploring all known aspects of abiotic stress and their impacts on various physiological processes in plants. The primary objective is to discuss the effects of abiotic stressors on the growth and productivity of major crop species, with a particular focus on the most significant abiotic stress factor that limits crop development worldwide, which is water availability. The book will examine how genetic advancements in yield potential are influenced by abiotic stressors, including drought and nitrogen deficiency, and the extent to which these gains can be achieved in various environments. Given the limitations on expanding the area under irrigation and the potential for land degradation associated with intensive agriculture, it is crucial to understand the effects of abiotic stressors on crop growth and productivity.