Originally published in 1978, the purpose of this volume was to describe theoretical developments, examine research methods, and consider evidence of human response to crowding. Although interest in crowding and environmental influences on behavior had been emerging for the previous decade, the study of human response to crowding had only recently gone into high gear. The reasons for this were many and varied, but it may generally be said that until then the literature on crowding had been inconsistent and fraught with contradictions. Despite the editors' intuitive feelings about crowding at the time, it was difficult to conclude from published findings as late as 1974 that crowding had a significant impact on human behavior. However, more definitive theoretical and methodological statements subsequently appeared, revealing causes for the inconsistency of empirical findings. By gathering papers from those who had contributed much of what they knew about crowding, the editors hoped to further this growth and facilitate the development of more sophisticated, predictive models of crowding. This title presents their findings.