Because an independent state is often thought to be the ultimate goal of nationalists, much of the existing work on nationalism has centered on its role in the creation of new states. ""After Independence"" breaks new ground by examining the changes to nationalism after independence in seven new states. This innovative volume challenges scholars and specialists to rethink conventional views of ethnic and civic nationalism, and the division between primordial and constructivist understandings of national identity. ""After Independence"" will be of interest to social science scholars, as well as policy-makers and journalists working in newly independent nations.