Sixteen papers taken from a `Human Roots' meeting held in Bristol in 2000 that focused on the question of `how different were humans and human behaviour in Africa and the Far east during the Middle Pleistocene'? The contributors draw on evidence from recent archaeological fieldwork and represent different schools of thought concerning the Out-of-Africa or Multi-Regional origins of man. Among the regions or countries discussed are southern, central and eastern Africa, China, the Yangtze River, Australasia and India.