This volume of "Progress in Clinical Neurosciences" has updates on interesting topics ranging from skull base and vascular neurosurgery to innovation in endoscopic surgery including 3D and spinal surgery. In clinical neurology, there are updates on topics of common interest, i.e. neuroinfection, demyelination, stroke and headache. The role of embryogenesis is emphasized in the management of neurological disorders and the cranio-vertebral junction. The chapter on radiation biology and its complications focuses on the emerging field of tumour management. The chapters on vestibular schwanoma and multilevel cervical compressive myelopathy address the debate on the optimal surgical approach.