Nanoconvergence is the unification of all significant technologies on the basis of understanding and control of structures at the nanoscale. It combines nanotechnology with biotechnology, information technology, and new emerging technologies based on cognitive science. This trend is sometimes called "NBIC" from the major Nano-Bio-Info-Cogno fields that are in the process of unifying. This book is written for a non-technical audience, and to appeal to students and professionals in each of the previously separate fields that are now converging. It will offer new visions of future possibilities and present challenges, based on extensive experience in the government-supported scientific initiatives that are achieving the unification of science and the convergence of the most transformative technologies.