A volume in the University of Toronto Studies in Philosophy. This work is presented to the public in the hope that it will throw light on some of the formative elements of Japanese civilization, and lead to a better understanding of Japanese character and life. Armstrong endeavors to give an outline of the history of Japanese Confucianism. The title is given to this book because any intensive study of thought in Japan involves more or less knowledge of Korea, China and India. The schools of Confucianism, which originated in China in the Sung and Ming dynasties, assimilated much from Northern Buddhism which comes from India.