This volume contains the proceedings of the tenth international conference on Representation Theory of Algebraic Groups and Quantum Groups, held August 2-6, 2010, at Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan. The survey articles and original papers contained in this volume offer a comprehensive view of current developments in the field. Among others reflecting recent trends, one central theme is research on representations in the affine case. In three articles, the authors study representations of W-algebras and affine Lie algebras at the critical level, and three other articles are related to crystals in the affine case, that is, Mirkovic-Vilonen polytopes for affine type $A$ and Kerov-Kirillov-Reshetikhin type bijection for affine type $E_6$. Other contributions cover a variety of topics such as modular representation theory of finite groups of Lie type, quantum queer super Lie algebras, Khovanov's arc algebra, Hecke algebras and cyclotomic $q$-Schur algebras, $G_1T$-Verma modules for reductive algebraic groups, equivariant $K$-theory of quantum vector bundles, and the cluster algebra. This book is suitable for graduate students and researchers interested in geometric and combinatorial representation theory, and other related fields.