Nanomaterials and nanoscale interactions span an important and wide-ranging sector of modern science and industry. Championing developments in these fields, SPIE stages an annual forum to stimulate and support their growth: the Nanoscience and Engineering Symposium. This book represents a selection of compelling contributions from some of those innovators closely involved since the launch of this symposium. Among the key advances included are accomplishments with nanowaveguides, silicon photonics, solar energy conversion, lighting, nanofabrication and structure-determining methods for polymeric, organic, inorganic and composite materials, as well as biomaterials that can frequently achieve first-class response characteristics and that are of low-cost, and are readily available and environmentally responsible. Together, these contributions give a fascinating portrayal of the state of the art in the shifting landscape of current nanoscience and engineering.