In this thoroughly revised and updated edition, Anaya incorporates references to all the latest treaties and recent developments in international law's treatment of indigenous peoples. Anaya provides new evidence to support the claim that while historical trends in international law facilitated the colonization of indigenous peoples and their lands, modern international law's human rights program has been responsive to indigenous peoples' aspirations to survive as distinct communities in control of their own destinies. Against this historical backdrop, James Anaya discusses a new generation of international treaties that may be capable of implementing international normsning concerning indigenous peoples.