This book will provide a survey of ancient and traditional low-technology water harvesting applications as effective development and climate change adaptation strategies for the present time. Water harvesting has a more significant past than a present. The proposed book will focus on the description, history and technical analysis of fifteen identified but mostly forgotten ancient and traditional water harvesting practices (Akpinar Ferrand and Cecunjanin, 2014) and the societies that practiced them. In the past several decades, there has been a call from scientific and non-governmental organization communities to combine modern water systems and old water harvesting methods or to modernize the existing knowledge to benefit human settlements facing water scarcity in both the developing and the developed world. The book's detailed and extensive analysis of the fifteen water harvesting methods, along with the discussion of their translation into present time, could encourage practitioners to pursue them as supplementary water resources in the vulnerable dry-wet, semi-arid and arid climatic regions facing adverse climate change effects.