Occupational burnout is a syndrome of exhaustion, cynicism, and diminished professional efficacy, which results when high demands and low resources at work combine with insufficient ways of coping. So far, burnout research has mostly concentrated on the process of burning out, and less is known of the consequences of burnout for individuals and society. This population-based study examined the associations between burnout and health according to gender, encompassing common mental disorders, musculoskeletal disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and long sickness absences. In addition, the socio-demographic correlates of burnout were determined, as well as the status of burnout in the arena of occupational health psychology.