In this book, the authors present current research in the study of the characteristics, uses and health implications of pesticides. Topics discussed include the evaluation of pesticide-induced DNA damage and oxidative stress on human and wildlife populations in Argentina; analytical methods of various families of pesticides in biological matrices; implications of pesticide use in the olive sector; pesticides and endangered sea turtles; monitoring emissions and atmospheric degradations of pesticides in the atmosphere; and adverse effects of pesticides in human health.