Most view the environment in its simplistic sense - that it is the overall summation of all things natural. In this context, the pervasive common view is that this "state of nature" will remain without change as long as we interfere with it as little as possible. This misconception can be rejected on two counts, the first being that the value of the environment does not lie in its existing state but in the opportunities it offers humankind, and the second being that it is not sufficient to ensure that the environment is passively preserved by us but there needs to be active initiatives in educating the populace of the world on the environment and the benefits that would accrue to it by our actions such as reducing the population of the world and creating employment opportunities. This book examines these theories in relation to aviation and carbon trading.