This book is about fettered -tions and -isms. These linguistic units are defined here as phenomena that have been perceived by people to hamper development and, consequently, peaceful human relations. The -tion and -ism phenomena studied in this book comprise a closed set within which it is easier to understand how and why new insights emerged, and what was overlooked. Occasionally, they show ""new"" ideas as rediscoveries. But since today's studies about peaceful human relations are in process, to understand them, let alone to evaluate them, is more difficult. Analysts abandon or redefine traditional terms and produce such a welter of innovations that it is not easy to find a neutral framework within which they can be compared.

To ensure coherence and cohesion, each chapter of Fettered -tions and -isms is divided into four major sections:



Introduction outlining the essence of the chapter
Discussion on the competing theories on the -tion or -ism phenomenon
Review of three or more cases vis-a-vis the phenomenon
Summary of the main points presented in the chapter and suggestions on how the phenomenon can be amended to promote peace