These proceedings present a spectrum of opinions on such questions as: Should Social Security be in or out of the budget? Should Social Security reserves be included in deficit reduction targets? How large will the cost of the aging population be? What does the public think about Social Security and the budget and how will those opinions influence the budget process? What contribution, if any, should Social Security make to a deficit reduction compromise? Participants in the conference included members of Congress, social insurance experts, policy analysts and Congressional and Executive branch staff. Co-published with The National Academy of Social Insurance.