This book serves as a textbook for an undergraduate calculus course. It is written for readers with some previous exposure to the techniques of calculus who would like to see the subject in a conceptual framework. The book combines a review of methods of single-variable calculus with a mathematically rigorous development of their justification. No previous experience with mathematical proof is assumed: rhetorical strategies and techniques of proof are introduced by example along the way. Between the text and the exercises, proofs are available for all the basic results of calculus for functions of one real variable. Exercises include Practice Problems (reinforcing calculation techniques), Theory Problems (developing understanding of proofs), Challenge Problems (pushing the limits, exploring related ideas) and Historical Notes (guided pencil-and-paper tours of the arguments of the masters). Topics include limits of sequences, continuity, differentiation, the Riemann integral and power series, along with other optional sections.