Mandatory health insurance schemes are being proposed or expanded in many developing countries, but with relatively little attention to how they should be governed. This book considers how five dimensions of governance-coherent decision - making structures, stakeholder participation, transparency and information, supervision and regulation, and consistency and stability - influence the coverage, financial protection, and efficiency of mandatory health insurance entities. It also looks at the institutional and political forces that affect the behavior of such entities within their social and historical context. It addresses these issues by analyzing experiences from four countries - Chile, Costa Rica, Estonia, and the Netherlands - and develops lessons for developing countries related to these important dimensions of governance, paying special attention to questions of assuring solvency, financial protection, and quality health care services.