Functionalization of 2D Materials and Their Applications reviews the synthesis and characterization of nanopatterned 2D materials and how to modify different substrates with these materials. Each chapter emphasizes fabrication, including the fabrication of different morphologies of graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), the fabrication of different composites and the surface modification of different nanopatterned graphene and TMDCs, and the effects of these nanostructures on the different properties of the modified substrates, such as the electrical, thermal and optical properties, and more. The applications of graphene and TMDCs in the enhancement of Raman spectroscopy, solar cells, fuel cells, supercapacitors, biosensors, chemical sensors, water treatment, water desalination, perovskite photodetectors, energy storage devices, environmental applications and cell-based chips are also reviewed.