International Agency for Research on Cancer; World Health Organization; International Academy of Pathology; W.D. Travis IARC (2015) Saatavuus: Tilaustuote Pehmeäkantinen kirja
Michael J. Altman; Samah Choudhury; Travis Warren Cooper; Emily D. Crews; Richard Newton; Prea Persaud; Steven W. Ramey The University of Alabama Press (2021) Saatavuus: Tilaustuote Pehmeäkantinen kirja
Springer Sivumäärä: 156 sivua Asu: Pehmeäkantinen kirja Painos: 3 Julkaisuvuosi: 1999, 23.04.1999 (lisätietoa) Kieli: Englanti
Lung cancer is currently the most frequently diagnosed major cancer in the world and the most common cause of cancer mortality world- wide. This is largely due to the carcinogenic effects of cigarette smoke. Over the coming decades, changes in smoking habits will greatly influ- ence lung cancer incidence and mortality throughout the world. These changes may also impact upon the histological types of lung cancer. Tumour classification is important for consistency in patient treat- ment, and because it provides a basis for epidemiologic and biologi- cal studies. The previous WHO classification was published in 1981 and since then considerable progress has been made in our understanding of cer- tain lung tumours 1. The concept of neuroendocrine tumours of the lung has been refined with recognition of large cell neuroendocrine carci- noma and modification of criteria for atypical carcinoid. Atypical ade- nomatous hyperplasia is now recognized as a potential precursor to adenocarcinoma. Studies have documented the histological hetero- geneity of lung carcinomas, particularly among adenocarcinomas and poorly differentiated carcinomas. Molecular studies have also shown that hamartomas and sclerosing hemangiomas are true neoplasms rather than tumour-like lesions. This classification is based on histological characteristics of tumours seen in surgical or needle biopsy and autopsy material. Though a large percentage of lung carcinomas are now diagnosed on cytology specimens, the classification does not address cytology.