In this volume, genomic and proteomics advances as applied to Bacillus anthracis, Brucella species, Yersina pestis, Francisella tularensis and Coxiella burnetti are presented. Emerging technologies for rapid detection as well as fingerprinting based on genomics and proteomics information are described. Also discussed are the history and current research on new human vaccines against anthrax and brucellosis. Epidemiology of antibiotic resistant bacteria, potential biomarkers and design of future generation of antimicrobials are presented by experts from many different countries.