This book summarizes the latest scientific research around the influence of gut bacteria on health and well-being as well as their impact on lifestyle diseases. Information is presented in easy-to-understand language and is interspersed with fun facts and anecdotal accounts, which help the audience acquire this fundamental and relevant scientific knowledge. The authors explain the influence of gut bacteria on physical and mental well-being in language friendly to laypeople. They then share insights about the role of gut bacteria in various lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome utilizing the latest published research in peer-reviewed journals. The information provided in this book is useful to anyone who wants to lead a healthy life. It is worth reading even for health care professionals as their current curriculum does not entail extensive information about gut bacteria and their significance in health.