The study of the nitrate salts is of great chemical, biochemical, industrial, environmental and human health importance because nitrates are one of the most common wide-spread contaminants in groundwater. This book presents important studies related to nitrates, and their occurrence, production, properties, and health considerations. Topics include a biological treatment using a salt-tolerant, perchlorate- and nitrate-reducing culture; nutritional and safety properties of vegetable foods; the distribution of nitrates and nitrites in plants cultivated following organic and conventional procedures; nitrate removal processes; the signal-role of nitrate in different plant species; the catalytic removal of nitrates; synthesis and characterization of volatile anhydrous metal nitrates as precursors; bimetallic/activated carbon supported samples, used for NOx reduction by carbon; bimetallic-activated carbon supported samples that were studied after NOx adsorption experiments; an efficient catalytic system for the synthesis of dihydropyrimidinones derivatives; and the structural and vibrational properties of the chromyl, niobyl and vanadyl nitrates.