Educational neuroscience is an interdisciplinary field that hasemerged through the improvement of brain imaging techniques andinvestigates human learning inside and outside of schools. In thisissue, leading experts look back at the progress made within the field over the last decade, focusing on the bidirectional relationshipbetween neuroscience and behavioral research.Topics include: brain functioning in children with dyslexia ordyscalculia, the effects of training on brain functions, individualdifferences in brain functioning, the neural underpinnings of errorprocessing, insight emergence, cognitive load, and the effects ofmodalities.