This book offers a comprehensive and authoritative account of the guiding principles and rules relating to biodiversity, nature conservation, and the protection of cultural heritage in the MENA region. The book introduces readers to the applicable legislation, institutions and rules underpinning the design, approval, financing and implementation of biodiversity and nature-based solutions across the MENA region. It also explores larger questions on legal and institutional frameworks that can help address broader issues of fragmentation, gender inequality, inadequate stakeholder engagement, lack of transparency, limited access to environmental information, and lack of comprehensive domestic legislation, all of which stifle the integrated implementation of biodiversity and nature conservation treaties and the equitable sharing of the benefits derived from biodiversity and nature in the region. Written in a user-friendly style, the book closes with recommendations and reflections on legal and regulatory innovations for advancing biodiversity and nature-based solutions in the MENA region. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.