Conditionality in policy-based lending programs has been the subject of controversial debates. As development lending evolves and shifts its focus from policy and sector based lending towards a greater emphasis on budget support, the role of conditionality must be carefully examined. This book brings together different perspectives on the role of conditionality, drawing on the experiences and lessons learned by the donor community, NGO critics and academic circles, and the borrowing countries, and provides a board overview of contemporary approaches to conditionality in today's aid architecture.