Two of the most cited figures in the debate on radical education, Antonio Gramsci (1891-1937) and Paulo Freire (1921-1997), both regarded adult education as having an important role to play in the struggle for liberation from oppression. The book examines whether their combined insights can provide the foundation for a theory of transformative adult education. It considers their respective contributions to the development of such a theory, analyzes their ideas comparatively and identifies some of the limitations in their work. The book concludes with a major syntheses of their ideas in the context of other adult educators' more recent contribution.