This book is a collection of articles which were presented at the II-nd International Linguistic Conference in Taganrog, Russia. The most interesting and the most important ideas and researches are represented. The book consists of five parts: Historical linguistics, Lexicology, Grammar, Pragmatics, Ethnolinguistics and Translation. In the first part there are articles of the yenisseic phenomenon from historical point of view by prof. H.Werner (Germany), the role of mythology in the linguistic researching, the diachronic approach to the typological analysis of mental vocabulary, the expression of possessivity in the paleoaisatic languages, the diachrony of grammatical categories in different languages, historical linguistics and Lev Gumilev’s theory of ethnogenesis.The second part deals with a concept-centered approach to the researching of the vocabulary on the base of cognitive theory, some articles are devoted to the problems of lexicography. In the third part articles consider different grammatical problems, for example – the problem of the zero-sign by Pyotr Tschesnokov.The next part deals with problems of pragmalinguistics, and the last part considers the questions of etnolinguistics and translation, as simultaneous interpreting, ethical Concepts formation of national linguo-cultural communities.The book appeals to philologists, teachers and students.