This book examines the legacy of one of the most influential members of Spanish society in the seventeenth-century Philippines, Dominican scholar Juan de Paz. Using a unique manuscript from the collections of the Archivo de la Universidad de Santo Tomás in Manila, the authors provide a window into the concerns, problems, and entanglements of people of different ethnicities, occupations, and stations in life. Paz’s writings resolving conflicts and weighing in on questions (consultas) have not previously been translated into English. The transcriptions, translations, and editorial introductions collected in this volume therefore make it an invaluable resource for students and scholars interested in the cultural and social history of the Philippines and the Spanish empire.