Across the world, there are over two billion people practicing the religion of Islam. There is increasing evidence of the value and influence of cultural competency and transcultural health for medical professionals working with these communities. Here, the authors have developed and organized a nuanced approach to cultural competence, simultaneously promoting diversity and insight into the influence and value of Islamic beliefs and practices on positive health. Endorsing culturally competent information, behaviors, and interventions, topics covered include immunization, hygiene, fasting and dietary restrictions, and sexual and reproductive health. This is a definitive resource for public health practitioners operating within Muslim communities and countries as well as for academic courses at undergraduate and postgraduate levels in public health and health promotion, medicine, social work, and social policy and for continual professional development.