Endourology provides a summary of the different endourological modalitites, especially the more advanced and controversial techniques, such as the antegrade resection of urethral valves, the transperineal I 125 seed implanations, the spoonloop resectoscope, flexible endoscopy, teflon injection to correct vesicoureteral reflux, stone manipulation in calyceal diverticula, as well as the extraperitoneal pelvioscopy. These techniques are supported by descriptions of the standard endourological procedures.