To help advance global surgery as a public health intervention, providers and students require a practical, hands-on manual to train them to provide safe and effective surgery and anesthesia in resource-limited settings. This guide provides in-depth instruction on epidemiology and ethics surrounding surgical services, and on anesthesia, non-trauma surgery, and trauma surgery. With contributions from a group of culturally and academically diverse clinicians, each chapter is enriched by at least one commentary from a surgeon or anesthetist in a low- or middle-income country (LMIC) who shares first-hand perspectives on the realities and complexities of providing surgical care in these settings with limited resources.