Investing in farmers - or agriculture human capital - is crucial to addressing challenges in our agri-food systems. A global study carried out by the FAO Investment Centre and the International Food Policy Research Institute, with support from the CGIAR Research Programme on Policies, Institutions and Markets and the FAO Research and Extension Unit, looks at agriculture human capital investments, from trends to promising initiatives. One of the nine featured case studies is Kenya's Smallholder Horticulture Empowerment and Promotion Approach, which provides technical and soft skills based on the theory of self-determination. The training has influenced farmers to change their mindsets and behaviour towards market-oriented horticulture. In addition, most farmers gained confidence in applying the skills acquired, which resulted in improved production and marketing and increased incomes. The approach was found to be effective in developing human capital and is therefore recommended for use in smallholder horticulture production systems or enterprises. This publication is part of the Country Investment Highlights series under the FAO Investment Centre's Knowledge for Investment (K4I) programme